11+ Roman Numerals
Learn the core symbols (I, V, X, L, C, D, M), additive and subtractive rules, historical dates, and clocks commonly tested in 11+ entrance exams.
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Untimed Roman Numerals test
5 questions · drawn from 20 · no timer · unlimited retakesPractise translating between modern numbers and Roman numerals without time pressure. Check every step with worked solutions.
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Timed Roman Numerals test
5 questions · drawn from 39 · 3 minutes · unlimited retakesTest your rapid symbol recognition and conversion speed under three-minute exam conditions. Answer 5 questions against the clock.
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Year 4 Roman Numerals test
5 questions · drawn from 30 · no timer · unlimited retakesFoundational practice with numerals up to 100 (C) for Year 4 learners building early numeral recognition.
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Interactive Roman Numerals Lab & Explorer
Interactive Practice · 3 StagesExplore the 7 symbols, build numerals with live segment breakdowns, practice two-way conversion, decode historical years and clock faces, and tackle 11+ entrance exam drills.
Roman numeral rules and conversion methods
The Roman number system uses seven basic symbols without a zero: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000).
The 7 Basic Roman Symbols
The Roman number system has no zero. Memorise these seven letters and their values for instant recall.
| Symbol | Value | Memory Aid |
|---|---|---|
| I | 1 | Single finger / unit |
| V | 5 | V-shape of open hand |
| X | 10 | Two crossed hands |
| L | 50 | Half of Century |
| C | 100 | Centum (Century) |
| D | 500 | Half of Mille |
| M | 1000 | Mille (Millennium) |
The 6 Only Subtraction Pairs
Key Notation Rules
Follow these four core rules to convert any number accurately and avoid common 11+ traps.
Additive Rule (Descending Order)
When symbols appear in descending order of value, simply add their values together from left to right.
VI = 5 + 1 = 6 | CL = 100 + 50 = 150Subtractive Rule (Smaller Before Larger)
A smaller symbol directly before a larger one subtracts. Only I, X, and C can subtract (and only from the next two higher symbols).
XL = 50 − 10 = 40 | CM = 1000 − 100 = 900Repetition Rule (Maximum of 3)
Never repeat any symbol more than three times consecutively. Symbols V, L, and D are never repeated and never subtracted.
IV (never IIII). Write 40 as XL (never XXXX).Place-Value Partitioning (The 11+ Method)
Always partition into Thousands + Hundreds + Tens + Units before converting to Roman numerals.
M) + 900 (CM) + 80 (LXXX) + 4 (IV) = MCMLXXXIVRoman Numerals Practice Worksheet 🔒 Members
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